Israel’s Origins
Some believe the Bible is the authoritative oracle of the Creator who communicated his message to humanity through inspired human authors. At the opposite extreme are those who discount the existence of God and necessarily conclude that the Bible is a late product of the human imagination, carrying no more insight nor moral imperative than other human texts. However, many within academia identify with a qualified or intermediate position regarding the historical integrity of the early texts that deal with Israel’s origins.
This website (and the book it is based upon) addresses a primary contributing reason for skepticism among those whose beliefs are somewhere between the extremes. That reason is the disconnect between the traditional projected dates of text events and the dating evidence.
While it may matter little to the unbeliever whether biblical events happened, it must matter to the believer because if any part of the text is historically unreliable, the authority of the entire Bible becomes suspect.
This was the issue that compelled me to spend a generation searching for a solution to the apparent disconnect between the story of Israel’s origins and the evidence. Ironically, conservative Bible scholars have presented the greatest obstacle to confidence in the historical merit of the Bible’s early texts. They have done this by persistently dating the Conquest to the wrong century. The articles below summarize why they have done this and how dating the Conquest to the latter 12th century BC reconciles the evidence with the Bible’s story of Israel’s origins.
Rephidim: Feiran Oasis, a day’s journey from Mt. Sinai (Exod.17)
(Courtesy of RØHR Productions Ltd.)
The Gaza Road (route of the Israelites from Ezion-Geber to Kadesh Barnea)
(Courtesy of RØHR Productions, Ltd.)
Articles
For a full discussion of the claims in these articles review the appropriate chapter in The Bible and the Origins of Ancient Israel.
MY 40-YEAR SEARCH
An account of my 40-year research journey and why the findings are so important.
MISDATING THE EXODUS/CONQUEST
An account of how conservative scholars have derailed the historicity of the Bible’s story by dating the Exodus/Conquest to the wrong centuries—and why they have done this.
IS ARCHAEOLOGY RELIABLE?
Archaeology is reliable. This article explains how archaeologists date periods of occupation at ancient sites. If a biblical event occurred at a site, the projected event date must fall within the period when the site was inhabited.
JERICHO: A CASE STUDY
This article is an exercise in stratigraphic interpretation with significant consequences.
THE BIBLE/THE EVIDENCE
Examples of how projected dates of biblical events align with the archaeological evidence.
ISRAEL IN THE NEW KINGDOM
A review of the Egyptian Empire’s policies and presence in Canaan in the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties (c. 1457–1140 BC); an explanation of why the Israelite Conquest of Canaan and the period of the Judges could not have happened before the latter 1100s BC (the 12th century).
OBJECTIONS TO THE 12TH CENTURY DATING
An examination of the three main objections to the 12th century BC chronology and why these objections cannot be correct.